The Flaws of Standardized Testing Essays - 1416 Words

It is the one time of year when it seems all teachers, administrators, and even students are stressed. Parents are enforcing their kids to get to bed at a decent time, eat a healthy breakfast, and to not forget their number two pencils. It is TCAP testing time. Standardized testing has been a norm for over seventy-five years in almost every first- world country. From state regulated tests, to the â€Å"college-worthy† ACT and SAT, standardized tests have become a dreaded rite of passage for every student. The earliest record of standardized testing originates from China. It was created to test knowledge of Confucian poetry and philosophy for men applying for government jobs. In 1905 a man by the name of Alfred Binet created his own,†¦show more content†¦Teachers and administrators have yet to take the negative testing results and turn them into positive benefits for their schools. Standardized testing is not made to test every student. These tests often ask one sided, bias questions. Claims have been brought against standardized tests in court due to bias. How are they supposed to measure the ability of every student when every student is different? Students learn differently and preform differently depending upon the type of test given. Some students are stronger with essay questions, some with matching, and some with true and false. Some students could not even know the material but get a multiple choice question right through process of elimination. How is this a fair way to measure knowledge? It is not fair to the students that actually study for these tests and know the information required. Teachers strive for their students to score well because the score also reflects on their teaching. Teachers seem to no longer teach for students to learn material and retain knowledge but to â€Å"ace† tests. Some learn to teach according to the test. Students learn the information that is going to be on the test but do not necessarily fully understand the material they are learning. There are certain standards that have to be met with each test. In most states part of the scores reflect theShow MoreRelatedFlaws In Current Standardized Testing1147 Words   |  5 Pages The use of standardized tests is not something new. Everyone should know about their importance and the emphasis put on them, along with the stress that follows. There are multiple choice tests, high-stakes tests, and the dreaded time-limited tests. It is true to say not all tests are created equal; however, every one of these tests has serious flaws. Standardized tests are unfair because they fail to measure students abilities, they cause an unnecessary amount of stress, and there areRead MoreAlfie Kohn Literature Review Essay1102 Words   |  5 Pagesshow adequate yearly progress (AYP). Alfie Kohn points out that, in some cases, our students have become victim s of standardize testing. In his article, Standardized Testing and Its Victims (2000), he demonstrates how testing have become detrimental to our students instead of helping them. He outlines these detrimental issues with eight facts. Standardized testing has gotten out of control and has become more of a detriment to our students. Students are being forced to follow a curriculum thatRead MoreStandardized Testing And Its Effects On Students1194 Words   |  5 PagesStandardized Testing Rise and shine. Dress yourself and get to school. Sit through class after class while teachers try, to the best of their ability, to stuff bundles of knowledge into your head for the oh-so-important standardized tests. Go home and try to make sense of this sea of information for your good and your school’s. Repeat. This is the normal routine for students to undergo in order to reap acceptable grades on standardized tests. The cost of these tests aren t worth the so-calledRead MoreThe Effects Of Standardized Testing On Students Education System1194 Words   |  5 Pagesthe best of their ability, to stuff bundles of knowledge into your head for the oh-so-important standardized tests. Go home and try to make sense of this sea of information for your good and your school’s. Repeat. This is the normal routine for students to undergo in order to reap acceptable grades on standardized tests. The cost of these tests aren t worth the so-called benefits. Standardized testing is an ineffective tool in the education system because it is detrimental to students’ educationRead MoreStandardized Tests Are Not A Success1347 Words   |  6 PagesStandardized Tests are Not a Success Standardized testing has been ruling over the lives of students, making or breaking them in their education without fair judgement. Tests like the SAT and the ACT count for way too much when applying to colleges, which in turn limits the student s capabilities to thrive in an environment that would benefit them. There are many problems within a standardized test that deems them to be unreliable as a true test of knowledge. Although designed to test groups ofRead MoreSecurity Proplanation And Enumeration Protocol : Security Content Automation Protocol971 Words   |  4 PagesSecurity content automation protocol or SCAP is a suite of specifications that regulates the method for communicating software flaw and security configuration information between machines and humans. [1] It provides automated and standardized approach for implementing baseline security configurations, checking that the patches for security vulnerabilities exist, monitoring the system security, checking if system is compromised and being able to establish the exact the posture of security for a systemRead MoreStandardized Testing And Its Impact On The Classroom1633 Words   |  7 Pagessomething offensive. Microaggressions are even apparent in standardized testing and academia as test writers and teachers can unintentionally degrade students with a seemingly innocent statement. Standardized tests are allegedly supposed to test student’s knowledge of what they have learned or previously known. The tests also reflect the academic progress of the school to determine the quality of education that the school provides. Standardized tests seem to be an unbiased way of determining skill, butRead MoreEssay about Schools Must Reduce Their Use of Standard Tests728 Words   |  3 PagesLeft Behind and some sort of state-mandated standardized testing. Growing up in Pennsylvania, we had the PSSA’s, 4 Sights, and Keystone Exams. They always had felt trivial, but they did serve some purpos e as far as immediate impact to our school days. The use of standardized testing as a quantitative tool of measuring student’s performance took off in 2002 with the passing of the No Child Left Behind Act (â€Å"Standardized Tests,†2003). Standardized testing was part of the initiative to become the highestRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Standardized Testing1177 Words   |  5 PagesStandardized testing is a no Growing up in Chesapeake every student is forced to take a standardized test at the end of every class they take. Standardized testing has been a part of the educational system for so long that everyone is just accustomed to taking these tests or giving them out. Standardized testing does not just effect the students but it also effects the teachers. Chesapeake School Board should get rid of standardized testing in all grade levels because of different learning styleRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Standardized Testing794 Words   |  4 Pageswhy school testing should happen more frequently and why parents and teachers should be less fearful of standardized tests. For educators and parents, testing means standardized testing: a tool wielded by politicians and administrators to terrify children and teachers. When cognitive psychologists hear the word testing, they think immediately of the testing effect — one of the best learning strategies. In this quote, the authors make a sep aration between testing and standardized testing. They bring

Major Depression A Psychological Disorder - 870 Words

Major depression is a psychological disorder that can affect anyone at any age. It is a mental disorder that is not well-received by many, since there are a lot of negative things that are associated with it. Some people tend to say that this disorder isn’t real, they think that the person suffering can just easily snap out of it. This leads to people being scared of having depression, so they refuse to get help for fear of alienation from their family and friends, who believe that this disorder is just an excuse that someone can use to get attention. The truth is, depression is a lot more complicated than that. Depression has a lot of symptoms, and a patient must have five or more of the symptoms in order to qualify as depressed (American Psychiatric Association, 2013, p.160). The American Psychiatric Association (APA) (p.160) says that feeling depressed, sad, or empty almost every day, and a loss of interest in activities that used to bring you a lot of pleasure, such as spo rts, writing, and sex are the two main symptoms. These symptoms turn into irritability in teens and kids, and parents tend to ignore it because they believe that it is just a teenager being a teenager. The other symptoms of depression, according to the APA (p.161) are major weight loss or gain caused by changes in eating habits, insomnia or hypersomnia, feeling restless or slowed down, fatigue without a visible reason, feeling worthless or guilty, lack of ability to think (getting easily distracted),Show MoreRelatedEssay Psychological Causes of Depression702 Words   |  3 PagesPsychological Causes of Depression The actual causes of depression are still unknown today but there are a few theories that could help explain them. It is widely believed by psychologists and scientists that all mental disorders are brought about by a complex correlation of psychological, biological, and social factors. A serious loss, chronic illness, relationship problem, work stress, family crisis, financial setback, or any unwelcome life change can ignite a depressive disorder (PsychologyinfoRead MoreMajor Depressive Disorder849 Words   |  3 PagesMajor Depressive Disorder: Depression is a clinical condition associated with the normal emotions of bereavement and sadness. However, this condition does not pass on when the external causes of these emotions dissolve and is usually inconsistent to their cause. In essence, the classic severe conditions of depression have not been attributed to external precipitating cause. One of the most common conditions of depression is Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), which is a psychiatric condition thatRead MoreProzac Nation Essay1540 Words   |  7 PagesRunning Head: Prozac Nation and Major Depression Disorder Prozac Nation and Major Depression Disorder Raquel H. Sasyn University of Houston Ms. Chastity Farr Clinical Psychology Section - 25673 April 23, 2010 Introduction â€Å"Prozac Nation,† is a best-selling memoir written by Elizabeth Wurtzel in 1994. Based on Wurtzel’s stormy childhood and adolescence, Prozac Nation explores many topics such as major depression, family relations, and drug abuse. The story narrates Wurtzel’s lifeRead MoreMajor Depression And Its Effects On Social Involvement1565 Words   |  7 PagesMajor Depression Depression is one of the most common therapeutic topics. There are many effects that lead to major depression and thus require distinctive therapy methods. It is a mood disorder that is associated with the body, emotions and thoughts (Hoeksema and rector, 2011). In order for a person to be diagnosed with major depression, they must show at least 4 symptoms from any of the 4 categories; such as mood changes, cognitive changes, physical changes, and behavior changes; and must haveRead MoreBiological, Psychological, And Social Factors1505 Words   |  7 PagesA bio-psychosocial describes an approach systematically considers biological, psychological, and social factors and their complex interactions in understanding health, illness, and health care delivery. Biological factors include defective biological processes compounds that lead to biological dysfunction and illness. Psychological factors are about the individual’s emotions, behavior, and mental processes. Social factors include social status and relations. These factors are all considered in anRead MorePsychological Disorder740 Words   |  3 PagesPsychological Disorder Paper Psy/450 University of Phoenix Amanda Kettinger 3 July 2010 Psychological Disorder Many mental disorders vary from person to person and in its on severity. All disorders have both a physical and psychological components. Abnormal behavior is difficult to define. Behavior may also be evaluated by whether it conforms to social rules and cultural norms, an approach that avoids reproachful nonconformists as irregular for behavior that, although strange, mayRead MoreAre You Insane Or Insane?875 Words   |  4 Pageshave used this term in some fashion or another. What is interesting about this term is that it is not a mental disorder, it is a legal term that is used in the court system to describe a defendant in a trail. The Miller-Keane Encyclopedia and Dictionary of Medicine, Nursing, and Allied Health, Seventh Edition says, â€Å"Insane is a medically obsolete term for mental derangement or a disorder. Insanity is now a purely legal term, denoting a condition due to which a person lacks criminal responsibilityRead MoreChildhood Depressionn1528 Words   |  7 PagesChildhood Depression Abstract Empirical evidence shows that that depression disorder in children is a common condition that affects emotional, physical, and social development. Risk factors include parental conflict, a family history of depression, poor peer relationship, negative thinking, and deficit in coping skills. Treatment criteria of children and adults are the same, with the exception that children may display irritability rather than depressed or sad mood, and loss of weight may beRead MoreDepression : A Psychological Disorder911 Words   |  4 PagesMelissa Rivera Psychology Research Paper â€Å"Depression† A psychological disorder is a disorder of the mind involving thoughts, behaviors, and emotions that cause either self or others significant distress. Significant distress can mean the person is unable to function, meet personal needs on their own, or are a danger to themselves or others. There are many different psychological disorders, but the disorder I am choosing to focus on is Clinical Depression. Depression ranges in seriousness from mild, temporaryRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Depression1340 Words   |  6 PagesMany people today are suffering from major depressive disorder. This disorder affects their everyday lives and every single person copes with it differently. There are a lot of different factors that can contribute to one’s depression. Such as, biological, psychological and sociocultural. These factors include emotional symptoms, cognitive symptoms, behavior symptoms, somatic symptoms, and impairment in social and occupational functioning. So, what is depression? Everybody experiences times in their

Small Firms Barriers

Question: Critically analyze the main barriers for Small firms to invest in Management and Leadership Development. Answer: Introduction Management and Leadership Development (MLD) is one of the key ingredients for most of the leading organizations throughout the world for achieving success and for gaining competitive advantages over potential competitors. The development process enables the organizations to lead their entire workforce and to resolve the organizational issues effectively. It becomes an issue for the organizations to operate effectively without having an efficient leader, especially within the current dynamic circumstances. According to Gold et al. 2010, leadership behaviors includes mounting and articulating organizational vision, empowering, listening, problem solving, role modeling, demonstrating confidence, protecting and representing the organization and walking the job. However, many researchers suggested that the MLD program is never easy to conduct, especially by the small sized organizations. Dalton (2010) stated that either the small organizations have not understood and neglected the importance of MLD or they are just incapable of conducting such program within their organizations in terms of financial and structural capabilities. Bush (2010) indicated that the managers of small organizations are considering the MLD positively but somehow their interests are lacking to involve themselves within such program and also small organization owners and managers believe that the MLD trainings and programs are academic and impractical. The purpose of the assignment is to identify the constraints for the small firms investing towards Management and Leadership Development (MLD) and to provide suitable recommendations for minimizing the barriers for those firms. For evaluating the barriers for small firms to invest in MLD, the current study reviews the existing theories and theoretical models of Management and Leadership Development (MLD). Literature Review - Management and Leadership Development (MLD) Management and Leadership Development (MLD) signifies both formal and informal leadership and management development that are essential for enhancing the aptitude, awareness and skills regarding management and leadership. MLD is entirely a process undertaken by the human resource development operations and activities (McGurk, 2010). The key motive of the process is to enhance the competency level of the skilled people, so that they will be able to lead and manage their organizations. It can be termed as one of the key steps of talent management by the HR professionals where the main aim is to develop leadership and managerial capabilities for supporting the organizations in the future (Tian et al. 2015). Skills Management and Leadership Development Responsibility Owner Transition Management Skills Developing long-term visions Planning Transitions towards the next stage of growth Senior Manager Organizational Development Skills Strategic Planning Organizational Planning Strategic Leadership Cultural Management Monitoring and Developing Strategic Planning Managing Daily Operations Middle Manager Organizational Management Skills Management Development Financial Management Performance Management and Control Team Building Conflict Management Coordination of work within the functional areas and direct reporting Line Manager Operational Management Skills Recruiting and Selection Training and Coaching Daily Supervision Management Meetings Performance Appraisals Oversee Work All of the Above Core Management Skills Interpersonal Effectiveness Time Management Operational Leadership Effectiveness Delegation Effectiveness Problem Solving and Decision-Making Role Concept Developing Transition towards upper level management responsibilities successfully Table 1: Management and Leadership Development (MLD) (Source: Managers.org.uk, 2015) The activities of MLD include management qualification and education, coaching, shadowing, mentoring, self-directed learning, on job experience and action learning. The key activities of MLD are as follows: Qualification: The activity typically involves the off-job development activities, obtaining education and qualification, especially from the business schools and professional authorities (Mondy and Mondy, 2014). Developmental Programmes: Developmental programmes or activities includes mainly both on-job and off-job development including leadership and management development activities or coaching (Forray, 2010). On-The-Job-Development: It involves typically the on-the-job activities, coaching and opportunities (Bjrkman and Welch, 2014). Assessment: Tools such as 360 degree and psychometric tests are essential for carrying out the assessment of formal development (Byars, 2015). The most important components of leadership include vision, values, empower and encourage, which are essential for managing the small organizations, especially for the small sized firms. Most of earlier researches have shown that the owners of the small sized are not the good leaders and they often stumble attracting talented employees towards their organizations (Edwards et al. 2015). In addition, most of the small sized organizations are profitable but inefficient dealing with any organizational issues. Many past researches have stated from their observations and analysis that many small firms had to shut down their business in spite of getting adequate profit. The researches have criticized the leadership capabilities of the owners of those organizations (Deadrick and Stone, 2014). Sufficient productivity, talented workforce and operational efficiency are not always enough for the small sized organizations to sustain and to expand, as the organizations need a leader with various managerial and leadership skills (Tian et al. 2015). The leaders needs to be efficient enough for carrying their organizations and for managing the organizational issues effectively in order contribute towards the growth and development of the company. However, to adapt such capabilities, the owner requires to develop leadership and managerial skills through Management and Leadership Development (MLD) programmes (Stone, 2014). Barriers for Small firms to invest in MLD Lack of awareness and knowledge regarding the value of management and leadership skills The owners and the managers of the small firms should be aware of the management and leadership skills, which are essential for the growth and development of their professional career and for their organizations (Sikora and Ferris, 2014). In case of a small firm, the financial, human and operational resources are limited. In addition, most of the industries and markets are getting more competitive and saturated frequently due to the presence of many potential and leading competitors (Mondy and Mondy, 2014). Management and leadership skills are the convenient and mandatory skills for managing the organizations and for leading the organization towards success. These skills also help to manage all sort of organizational resources effectively (McGurk, 2010). In addition, these skills are also helpful for developing decision-making skills and for constructing new strategies or policies for gaining competitive advantages. However, the managers and the owners of many small sized firms are not giving enough priority or mostly unaware about the positive aspects, benefits or about the values of such skills (Howland, 2012). The consequences for the lack of awareness are becoming massive for those small firms as they are often getting themselves involved within severe organizational issues, which are responsible for bringing obstacles for their business in terms of profit and organizational success. Additionally, they are also getting themselves far behind their competitors (Gold et al. 2010). Time constraints among over-stretched managers The Management and Leadership Development (MLD) programs are time consuming as they involve training, motivational and academic knowledge gathering processes. The MLD skills include transition management skills, organizational development skills, organizational management skills, operational management skills and core management skills (Forray, 2010). Although, the relevancy of these skills is larger for the leading and bigger organizations but all the small sized organizations, which are considering and are concentrating to expand their organizations and businesses, should acquire these management and leadership development skills, as they are essential for enhancing the performance and operational efficiency of the organizations (Edwards et al., 2015). An organization considered small in term of their structure, work forces, operational efficiency and financial capabilities. Most of the small firms have fewer amounts of employees and managers and a flat organizational structure. As a result, the owners or the managers of those organizations often have to deal with most of the situations including various organizational issues and decision-makings (Deadrick and Stone, 2014). It is not always problematic for the organizations and their owners as they have the capability to take independent decisions and to implement new strategies effectively with having maximum amount of obligations. However, as they are largely involving within such over-stretched activities, they often have adequate time to develop management and leadership skills (Dalton, 2010). Increasing staff turnover including various other financial costs The cost associated with the Management and Leadership Development (MLD) is often expensive as for implementing new training sessions and for consulting with academic resources (Carmichael, 2011). In addition, the returns on investments towards these programs are intangible and the organizations cannot assure or forecast the amount of benefits or positively outcome that they will be getting (Byars, 2015). In most of the cases, the small sized firms concentrate more upon their productivity and profitably. However, they often consider the strategies or policies required for organizational growth and development (Bush, 2010). For the purpose, the organizations should have to invest towards Management and Leadership Development (MLD) but they often considered themselves as incompetent. Limited financial capability is one of the key reasons behind their incompetency. Most of the leading and larger organizations are investing a lot towards MLD for getting both competitive advantages and organization success as they are financially independent and are capable of incurring the costs required for conducting such program (Bjrkman and Welch, 2014). Conclusions The current study concludes that in spite of various realizing the significances of Management and Leadership Development (MLD), most of the small firms are rarely investing towards the MLD program due to various reasons including their financial barriers, neglecting the importance of management and leadership skills and less spare time available for the managers to develop those skills. However, the study suggests that to understand the importance of Management and Leadership Development (MLD) and to enhance the rate of investments towards MLD programs by the small sized firms, it is very important to learn the management and leadership skills. Recommendations Government and Academic Interventions The government and various academic institutions should encourage the knowledge and learning process of Management and Leadership Development (MLD) to raise awareness regarding the value of MLD among the owners and managers of small firms. Assessing the Management and Leadership Development (MLD) of the potential competitors The next recommendation is to analyze the strategies or policies regarding Management and Leadership Development (MLD) that potential competitors are following in terms of their financial capability and available time. Additionally, the owners, managers and the entrepreneurs should also assess how the programs are benefiting their competitors. Effective Communication between HR professionals and the Owners Management and Leadership Development (MLD) is mostly the activity or program conducted under the direct involvement of the human resource department. Therefore, it is the responsibility of the HR professionals to communicate effectively with the owners and managers of the small firms to influence them investing towards the MLD program. Creative thinking by the SME leaders The key to success within the current circumstances is to think creatively while running an organization. This will open up the opportunity for the leaders to understand the importance of these skills including the Management and Leadership Development (MLD). Reference List Books Byars, L. (2015). Human resource management. [Place of publication not identified]: Irwin Mcgraw-Hill Carmichael, J. (2011). Leadership and management development. Oxford: Oxford University Press Dalton, K. (2010). Leadership and management development. Harlow, England: Prentice Hall/Financial Times Gold, J., Thorpe, R. and Mumford, A. (2010). Gower handbook of leadership and management development. Burlington, VT: Gower Mondy, R. and Mondy, J. (2014). Human resource management. Boston: Pearson Stone, R. (2014). Human resource management. Milton, Qld.: John Wiley and Sons Australia Tian, M., Risku, M. and Collin, K. (2015). A meta-analysis of distributed leadership from 2002 to 2013: Theory development, empirical evidence and future research focus. Educational Management Administration Leadership Journals Bjrkman, I. and Welch, D. (2014). Framing the field of international human resource management research. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 26(2), pp.136-150 Bush, T. (2010). Accelerating Leadership Development. Educational Management Administration Leadership, 38(2), pp.147-148 Deadrick, D. and Stone, D. (2014). Human resource management: Past, present, and future. Human Resource Management Review, 24(3), pp.193-195 Edwards, G., Schedlitzki, D., Turnbull, S. and Gill, R. (2015). Exploring power assumptions in the leadership and management debate. Leadership Org Development J, 36(3), pp.328-343 Forray, J. (2010). Management and Leadership Development. Academy of Management Learning Education, 9(1), pp.145-147 Howland, G. (2012). Book Review: Leadership and Management Development. Educational Management Administration Leadership, 40(3), pp.410-411 McGurk, P. (2010). Outcomes of management and leadership development. Journal of Mgmt Development, 29(5), pp.457-470 Sikora, D. and Ferris, G. (2014). Strategic human resource practice implementation: The critical role of line management. Human Resource Management Review, 24(3), pp.271-281 Website Managers.org.uk, (2015). Management Leadership Qualifications, Training and Development - CMI. [online] Available at: https://www.managers.org.uk/ [Accessed 19 Jun. 2015]

The Conduction Systems in the Heart

Question: Discuss about The Conduction Systems in the Heart. Answer: Introduction The cardiac conduction system refers to a group muscle cells located on the walls of the heart and specialized in terms of their functions. The conduction system of the heart is specifically involved in the sending of signals to the heart causing it to contract. This system is composed of the atrioventricular node nodes, sinoatrial (pacemaker) node, Purkinje fibers, bundle branches and bundle of His. The pacemaker initiates the sequence of contraction by enabling the atrial muscles to contract sending the signals to the atrioventricular node, the bundle of His, the bundle branches and finally to the Purkinje fibers making the ventricles contract (Schwitter et al., 2013). At the same time, an electric current is created by this contraction but this can only be seen on an electrocardiogram graph. This electrical system is normally used by doctors to determine whether the heart is active or not. This paper therefore explores the cardiac and their relevance to the cardiac rhythm. The sinoatrial node The sinoatrial node is a spindle-shaped structure that contains closely packed cells in a matrix which is fibrous in nature. It is about ten millimeters long, very thick and narrow on the end near the vena atrioventricular node. The sinoatrial node has several postganglionic adrenergic and cholinergic nerve terminals which transmit the impulses (Wahl-Schott et al., 2014). The neurotransmitters stimulate the beta-adrenergic and muscarinic receptors by modulating the sinoatrial nodes discharge. The sinoatrial node produces an electrical stimuli at a regular rate in order to pump blood at the required rate. The rate at which the sinoatrial node contracts depend upon the blood and oxygen needs of the body. Every stimulus which is produced must pass through the myocardial cells which lead to a generation of contractions in atrioventricular node wave-like fashion and is distributed across all atria. In cardiovascular diseases involving the failure of the sinoatrial node, the patients are t reated by fixing either a permanent or temporary pacemaker depending on the severity of the disease. In the atrioventricular node, the stimulus is delayed for some time before proceeding to the next step to allow the atria to get enough time for pumping all the blood inside the ventricles. When the atria empty all the blood, the atrioventricular node found in between the ventricles are closed to allow the atria to be filled up with blood, a point whereby the cardiac stimulus goes through the atrioventricular node as well as the bundle of His to the bundle branches and Purkinje fibers (Vedantham, 2015). Bearing in mind that there are millions of myocardial cells, all these need to contract within a span of less than one second. When the right ventricles contract, the blood flows to the lungs leading to the absorption of oxygen and subsequent release of carbon dioxide. Intermodal conduction The anterior internodal process starts from the anterior margin of the sinoatrial node and proceeds anteriorly to enter the anterior interatrial band (the Bachmann bundle). This band progresses into the left atrium whereby the anterior internodal pathway enters into the superior margin of the atrioventricular node. The Bachmann bundle is large enough and it is said to conduct the cardiac impulse from the right ventricle to the left atrium. Atrioventricular node The conserved region of the atrioventricular node is a superficial vessel which is found under the endocardium of the right atrium. This position is actually anterior to the ostium of the coronary sinus and the tricuspid atrioventricular node. In fact, in about three-quarters of the people, the hearts contain an arterial supply to the atrioventricular node, which in turn branches from the right coronary artery. The function of the atrioventricular node is that it is mostly involved in the modulation of the impulse of the atrial so that the blood can be transmitted to the ventricles and lead to coordination of the ventricular and atrial contractions. Atrioventricular node vagus It has been observed that cardiac responses to both sympathetic stimulation and bursts of the atrioventricular vagus start and end quickly and slowly respectively. When the responses of the atrioventricular vagus are set and offset in a rapid manner, the bets in the heart are modulated leading to the electrical conduction. The sinus rate can be reduced by the fact that the nodal conduction by the afferent atrioventricular vagus and the peak on the sinus rates occur at the atrioventricular node for varied periods of time. This occurs without tampering with electrical conduction of the afferent atrioventricular vagus or prolonging the time taken for conduction to occur. Bundle of His These refer to several cardiac muscle cells which are very specific in their function of conducting electrical impulses. It is involved in conducting electrical signals from the atrioventricular node to the apex of the bundle branches (Lustgarten et al., 2015). The branches then pass the impulse to the Purkinje fibers which enable the contraction of the ventricles at paced interatrioventricular nodes. In case there are abnormalities that affect the cells that conduct impulses in heart, they block such conduction. The classification of such abnormalities is based on the exact location in the heart where the atrioventricular node abnormalities have occurred. If the abnormality is on the right or left side of the bundle of His, this is called the bundle branch block. The Purkinje fibers The Purkinje fibers are found in the atrioventricular part of the heart whereby they are involved in the transmission of cardiac impulses in the cardiac cells. This makes the ventricles contract and pumps the blood. In other cases, the Purkinje fibers are located at the base of the ventricles. It is true that the special muscles found in the Purkinje fibers have a better ability to conduct the nerve impulses as compared to the other types of muscles (Sedmera and Gourdie, 2014). This activity occurs in a synchronized fashion and hence the rhythm is made to be consistent. These fibers split into the ventricles and atria so that it can be able to distribute the electrical impulses from the sinoatrial node. To do this, the Purkinje fibers and the atrioventricular node have several mitochondrial cells and voltage-gated sodium channels and myofibrils. The rate at which these fibers work is solely influenced by the autonomic nervous system. Their ability to produce the action potential although at a slow rate makes them be useful as the last resort especially when the other pacemakers have failed in function. In the circulatory system, the firing of the Purkinje cells is termed as the premature ventricular contraction. The bundle branches The bundle branches are also described as the offshoots of the bundle of His. In the conduction of electrical impulses, the bundle fibers transmit the action potential from the bundle of His to the Purkinje fibers. When the bundle branches are abnormal, the conduction of cardiac signals meaning that the depolarization of the ventricles also fails and referred to as the bundle branch block. The causes of bundle block can be caused by the onset of the heart disease as well as faulty surgery of the heart. In this case, the normal pathway for the conduction of electrical impulses cannot occur by use of the normal pathway (Strauss et al., 2013). Therefore this process might occur through muscle fibers which due to their low specialization can result in a slow electrical transmission. Moreover, the direction of the conduction is altered leading to a loss of synchrony hence the depolarization of the ventricles takes longer than usual. Significance of cardiac conductions in the heart The heart contractions begin with the sending of electrical impulses from the pacemakers in the right atrium which in turn make the right atrium contract. The effects of this contraction are the pushing of blood to the ventricles through the cardiac atrioventricular node. When the electrical impulses get to the atrioventricular node, they proceed forward to the bundle of His whereby it is distributed across the left and the right bundles and finally proceeds to the Purkinje fibers. The left ventricle then contracts to be the first and the left ventricle follows shortly after. Once the contraction of the two ventricles node has contracted, the blood is pushed to the rest of the body via the aorta. Once this is done, the ventricles relax in preparation for another round of electrical impulse conduction. Therefore the conducting system of the heart is majorly specialized for starting up the cardiac impulses whereby they get conducted in a rapid fashion throughout the heart. When the cardiac cycle starts, the contractions are coordinated making the cardiac chambers contract (Nishikawa et al., 2012). Although the atria and the ventricles contract together, the atrial contractions take place being the first. The conducting system of the heart enables it to attain an automatic rhythmic beat. The events in the cardiac cycle need to be coordinated very well for the heart to pump blood in an effective manner. This means that the systemic, as well as the pulmonary blood circulation need to coordinate these processes. When the sympathetic ganglia are stimulated it reduces the period of the refractory period in the epicardium. Moreover, such stimulation also causes effects to the endocardium of the left ventricle. When measurements are taken at atrioventricular node points, the short refractions are classified according to the epicardial regions. In other cases, the norepinephrine hormone is distributed in a non-uniform manner leading to the non-uniform electrophysiologic effects which are observed. More important is that the concentration of the norepinephrine in the ventricles is higher at the base as compared to the top (Parati and Esler, 2012). It is also important to note that the afferent vagus is at a higher position in the ventricles leading to the atrioventricular node reactions in the myocardial infections. On the other hand, the left ventricle supplies the blood to all other parts of the body by pumping it through the aorta and coronary arteries. In this case, the atria are filled with blood, the atrioventricular nodes are closed and the ventricles are already empty. At this point, the sinoatrial node is preparing itself to initiate another electrical stimulus and the whole protocol repeats itself. Since the sinoatrial node and the atrioventricular node have only one stimulus, they need to recharge in atrioventricular nodes before they engage in another round of electric transmission. The abnormalities in the function of the sinoatrial nodes are in common in the old patients who have a history of cardiac diseases or diabetes. For instance, in a medical condition like the sinus pause, the sinus code ceases to function temporarily for second or minutes. In lower pacemakers, although the function rate of the heart is maintained, longer than usual pauses can cause dizziness to the affected person. The sympathetic activities are regulated by the atrioventricular vagus at specifically the pre and postjunctional regions through the control of the norepinephrine hormone. This is made possible by the inhibition of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate which is involved in the addition of phosphate groups to the muscles of the heart. The alterations in the afferent atrioventricular vagus electrical conduction can cause malfunctions in the circulatory system. Tonic atrioventricular vagal stimulation results in a greater absolute reduction in sinus rate in the presence of tonic background sympathetic stimulation. In contrast, changes in atrioventricular node conduction during sympathetic and atrioventricular vagus stimulation are made up of the summation of the responses of afferent atrioventricular vagus responses to tone in the atrioventricular vagus. Conclusion The electrical conduction systems are of paramount importance in the human body. This is because a constant flow of blood from the heart to all other body part and back are essential. The circulatory system is crucial for the supply of oxygen and nutrients to the cells to maintain the normal body functions. This means that all these activities need to be coordinated to maintain health cardiac functions. However, there are some hopes in the medical field because some of these abnormalities can be treated for instance the artificial or permanent pacemakers. Some drugs such as the hydralazine are also used to increase the heart rate especially in patients who do not present with syncope. Reference List Lustgarten, D.L., Crespo, E.M., Arkhipoatrioventricular node-Jenkins, I., Lobel, R., Winget, J., Koehler, J., Liberman, E. and Sheldon, T., 2015. His-bundle pacing versus biventricular pacing in cardiac resynchronization therapy patients: A crossover design comparison. Heart rhythm, 12(7), pp.1548-1557. Nishikawa, K.C., Monroy, J.A., Uyeno, T.E., Yeo, S.H., Pai, D.K. and Lindstedt, S.L., 2012. Is titin a winding filament? A new twist on muscle contraction. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences, 279(1730), pp.981-990. Parati, G. and Esler, M., 2012. The human sympathetic nervous system: its releatrioventricular nodence in hypertension and heart failure. European heart journal, pp.ehs041. Schwitter, J., Kanal, E., Schmitt, M., Anselme, F., Albert, T., Hayes, D.L., Bello, D., Tth, A., Chang, Y., atrioventricular noden Osch, D. and Sommer, T., 2013. Impact of the Advisa MRI pacing system on the diagnostic quality of cardiac MR images and contraction patterns of cardiac muscle during scans: Advisa MRI randomized clinical multicenter study results. Heart Rhythm, 10(6), pp.864-872. Sedmera, D. and Gourdie, R.G., 2014. Why do we hatrioventricular node e Purkinje fibers deep in our heart?. Physiological Research, 63, pp.S9. Strauss, D.G., Loring, Z., Selvester, R.H., Gerstenblith, G., Tomaselli, G., Weiss, R.G., Wagner, G.S. and Wu, K.C., 2013. Right, but not left, bundle branch block is associated with large anteroseptal scar. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 62(11), pp.959-967. Vedantham, V., 2015. New Approaches to Biological Pacemakers: Links to Sinoatrial Node Development. Trends in molecular medicine, 21(12), pp.749-761. Wahl-Schott, C., Fenske, S. and Biel, M., 2014. HCN channels: new roles in sinoatrial node function. Current opinion in pharmacology, 15, pp.83-90.

THE CRITIQUE OF THE PANAMA CANAL The Crisis In Historical Perspective

THE CRITIQUE OF THE PANAMA CANAL: The Crisis in Historical Perspective American Foreign Policy November 30, 1994 In 1825, a group of American businesspeople announced the formation of a canal building company, with interests in constructing a canal system across the Isthmus. This project was to take place in an area now called Panama. The endeavor was filled with controversy. Though the canal itself was not built until the early 1900's every step toward the building and ownership, was saturated with difficulty. Walter LaFeber illustrates the dilemmas in a historical analysis. In his work he states five questions that address the significance of the Panama Canal to United States. This paper will discuss the historical perspective of the book's author, address pertinent three questions and give a critique of LaFeber's work, The Panama Canal. For proper historical analysis one must understand the importance of the Canal. The Panama Canal and the Canal Zone (the immediate area surroun ding the Canal) are important areas used for trade. Even before the canal was built there were to large ports on both sides of the Isthmus. Large amounts of cargo passed through the Isthmus by a railroad that connected the two ports. The most important cargo was the gold mined in California before the transcontinental railroad was completed in the United States. It has strategic significance because of its location, acting as a gateway connecting the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. This allows for rapid naval deployment between fleets in either ocean. These two facets make the Panama Canal very important in the region. LaFeber notes that Panamanian nationalism played a large role in the creation of the canal and, consequently, the cause for the area's constant instability. The first expression occurred in the late 1800's with Panamanian struggle for independence from Columbia. The United States eager to build the canal, and control its operation, used and backed Panamanian nationalist. During the Roosevelt administration, not only did the United States manipulate factors isolating Panama from other world powers through the Monroe Doctrine; but it committed troops aiding the revolutionaries against another sovereign state. The reason this is a surprise is because the Roosevelt administration normally held a position favoring stability. The United States had no legal right to use force against Columbia. Nationalism came back to haunt the United States. With the treaty signed and a 99-year lease given to the United States, the Canal was built. Since then, the United States has varied on its stance of ownership and the principles of sovereignty concerning the Canal. The ever persistent debate of who owns the Canal and who should have sovereign control over it, has not been solved. The United States has occasionally attempted to "claim" the Canal zone through various methods such as military occupation, exclusion of Panamanians for important jobs in Canal operations and even through the customary aspect of international law. However, each time the Panamanians have managed to maintain claim to the Canal despite the United State's imperialistic posturing to get it. The most recent and notorious of the United States' attempts to annex the Canal Zone was during the Reagan administration. President Reagan said that the Canal Zone could be equated as a sovereign territory equal to that of Alaska. The question here is, was he correct? LaFeber points out that, "the United States does not own the Zone or enjoy all sovereign rights in it." He uses the treaty of 1936 in Article III that states, "The Canal Zone is the territory of the Republic of Panama under the jurisdiction of the United States." The entire topic was summed up neatly by Ellsworth Bunker, a negotiator in the region, when he said, "We bought Louisiana; we bought Alaska. In Panama we bought not territory, but rights." A second important question, is the Canal a vital interest to the United States? LaFeber gives three points suggesting that it is not. First, the importance of the Canal decreased after 1974, because of the end of the Vietnam War and all related military traffic ceased. Second, is the age of the antique machinery dating back to 1914. Inevitably the machinery will need to be replaced. Lastly, the size of the new tankers and THE CRITIQUE OF THE PANAMA CANAL The Crisis In Historical Perspective THE CRITIQUE OF THE PANAMA CANAL: The Crisis in Historical Perspective American Foreign Policy November 30, 1994 In 1825, a group of American businesspeople announced the formation of a canal building company, with interests in constructing a canal system across the Isthmus. This project was to take place in an area now called Panama. The endeavor was filled with controversy. Though the canal itself was not built until the early 1900's every step toward the building and ownership, was saturated with difficulty. Walter LaFeber illustrates the dilemmas in a historical analysis. In his work he states five questions that address the significance of the Panama Canal to United States. This paper will discuss the historical perspective of the book's author, address pertinent three questions and give a critique of LaFeber's work, The Panama Canal. For proper historical analysis one must understand the importance of the Canal. The Panama Canal and the Canal Zone (the immediate area surroun ding the Canal) are important areas used for trade. Even before the canal was built there were to large ports on both sides of the Isthmus. Large amounts of cargo passed through the Isthmus by a railroad that connected the two ports. The most important cargo was the gold mined in California before the transcontinental railroad was completed in the United States. It has strategic significance because of its location, acting as a gateway connecting the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. This allows for rapid naval deployment between fleets in either ocean. These two facets make the Panama Canal very important in the region. LaFeber notes that Panamanian nationalism played a large role in the creation of the canal and, consequently, the cause for the area's constant instability. The first expression occurred in the late 1800's with Panamanian struggle for independence from Columbia. The United States eager to build the canal, and control its operation, used and backed Panamanian nationalist. During the Roosevelt administration, not only did the United States manipulate factors isolating Panama from other world powers through the Monroe Doctrine; but it committed troops aiding the revolutionaries against another sovereign state. The reason this is a surprise is because the Roosevelt administration normally held a position favoring stability. The United States had no legal right to use force against Columbia. Nationalism came back to haunt the United States. With the treaty signed and a 99-year lease given to the United States, the Canal was built. Since then, the United States has varied on its stance of ownership and the principles of sovereignty concerning the Canal. The ever persistent debate of who owns the Canal and who should have sovereign control over it, has not been solved. The United States has occasionally attempted to "claim" the Canal zone through various methods such as military occupation, exclusion of Panamanians for important jobs in Canal operations and even through the customary aspect of international law. However, each time the Panamanians have managed to maintain claim to the Canal despite the United State's imperialistic posturing to get it. The most recent and notorious of the United States' attempts to annex the Canal Zone was during the Reagan administration. President Reagan said that the Canal Zone could be equated as a sovereign territory equal to that of Alaska. The question here is, was he correct? LaFeber points out that, "the United States does not own the Zone or enjoy all sovereign rights in it." He uses the treaty of 1936 in Article III that states, "The Canal Zone is the territory of the Republic of Panama under the jurisdiction of the United States." The entire topic was summed up neatly by Ellsworth Bunker, a negotiator in the region, when he said, "We bought Louisiana; we bought Alaska. In Panama we bought not territory, but rights." A second important question, is the Canal a vital interest to the United States? LaFeber gives three points suggesting that it is not. First, the importance of the Canal decreased after 1974, because of the end of the Vietnam War and all related military traffic ceased. Second, is the age of the antique machinery dating back to 1914. Inevitably the machinery will need to be replaced. Lastly, the size of the new tankers and

World Civilizations Essays

World Civilizations Essays World Civilizations Essay World Civilizations Essay Ancient world civilizations date back from 3500-500 BC. Some of the early ancient include Egypt, the Roman Empire, the Baghvad Gita, Mesopotamia and Deities of Warriors to mention a few.. Research conducted by scholars indicate that civilizations did not begin in the west as most people believe. As a matter of fact ancient civilization began from the northern desert and the Mediterranean regions. Civilization was not an event but a process. It therefore did not happen spontaneously but took length of time.There are various ancient civilizations as already mentioned which include Egypt, Mesopotamia, Warriors and Deities in the Near East, India’s Beginnings, Ancient China among others.   This paper focuses on each one of them analyzing how each was established.The history of ancient Egypt was characterized by fascination. Egypt is actually of the ancient establishments that may be said to have been rich in civilizations.   Some of the memorable fascinations that characterize Egypt’s civilization included; the pyramids, the sphinx, Chariots of the Gods, writings wall paintings and a whole lot of works of art.   These among others help us understand the style and way of life in ancient Egypt including their way of life. The geographical location of Egypt is north eastern of the African continent. It took slighting above 300 years.   Civilization of ancient Egypt was also characterized of control of resources both human and natural.   Other activities included irrigation, mining of minerals, trade and military ventures.Mesopotamia is also another ancient civilization whose geographical location is between two rivers known as Tigris and Euphrates.   Mesopotamia is actually said to be the first world civilization among all other ancient civilizations.   Some major activities that characterized ancient Mesopotamia included construction of levees to control destructive flooding.   Irrigation using canals was also very common.   History ha s it that the southern part of Mesopotamia came to be known as Sumer and thus the residents were known as Sumerians.   The Sumerians had civilized systems of administration where they organized themselves in city states.   Their place of worship was known as Ziggurat and only priests were allowed since it was a sacred place.   Every city state had at lease one temple.   Other characteristics of ancient Mesopotamia included was an ancient form of writing known as Cuneiform and Stylus which was instrument made from reed which they used to write. Young boys also attended a school known Edubba after which they graduated to scribes.Also classified among the ancient world civilizations is China whose history of establishment dates back to 15th century BC.   The major characteristic of this ancient civilization is the writings which looked like turtle shells. However China is known to have experienced political instability. This may have been as a result of the various dynasties that constituted the whole Kingdom.   Originally ancient China was made up of city states which later grew to dynasties.   China administration was based on dynasties until recently.In the Near East the Major characteristic was warriors and Deities.   The warriors were considered stronger active and more hardworking than other people.   There were gods who facilitated the success of war. In conclusion every ancient civilization had some features which characterized its establishment.   However, as noted all civilizations took quite a process.   All civilizations have however changed and most of them are now modern.

The Impact of Organizational Ethics on Employee Relations Research Proposal

The Impact of Organizational Ethics on Employee Relations - Research Proposal Example This paper illustrates that the perspective on employer-employee relations has in the past decades undergone a radical transformation This has been contributed by the ever-increasing competition in the business world and organizations increased competitive advantage. The study of the impact of organizational ethics on employee relations is important because an organization survives because of relationships between employers, employees, and other stakeholders. The biggest concern is what would happen if organizational ethics is not practiced, and the possible effect of this. Firstly, according to Goleman, it is necessary to note that workforce in any given organization is essential for the achievement of the organization. In fact, the weak the workforce is, the weak the organization is. Therefore, it can be argued that application of ethics in an organization can affect the employees negatively or positively depend on how it’s applied. In essence, Jurkiewicz and Giacalone noted that when there are unethical acts or conduct within the organization, especially instigated by management to the employees, the implication of this is translated to the customer and other employees, and which may have adverse effects to the performance of the whole organization. The local government system is not exceptional. In regard to the local government system, the system is considered to play a key role in issues pertaining public service ethics. The concern here is what would happen if there no codes of conducts to which, for example, elected councilors are expected to conform. Just like in any other organization, the focus of local government, in this case, is not only about corruption, but rather the misconduct, hospitality, relationship with other officers and any other behavior that would bring any member of the local government into disrepute.

Loan of Central Bank of Ruritania Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Loan of Central Bank of Ruritania - Essay Example The answer to this question would depend largely on the provisions of the contract, which will be signed between Bank A and the Central Bank of Ruritania. As a basic rule, the provisions of the contract shall be considered as the primary authority governing both parties, provided that such contract is entered into according to the laws of the country from whence the party came from or of the country, which was, chose by the parties as the place of jurisdiction of the contract.1 Where the intent of the parties can be clearly gleaned from the tenor of the contract, such intent shall be held a binding upon the parties. However, in the banking system, there are certain established rules, which must be followed. â€Å"It is well established that the normal relation between a banker and his customer is that of debtor and creditor†¦Ã¢â‚¬  2 . When the client deposits money in the bank, the banker debits on its books the amount deposited by the client, thereby, recognizing an account payable. Why is this so? The rationale behind this is that one the money is deposited to the bank, â€Å"money which a customer deposits with a bank becomes the bank’s money.† 3 This means that the bank can now use the amount deposited for purposes of loan releases and financing. However, â€Å"the bank is prima facie bound to meet its debt when called upon to do so by the customer.†4 In other words, although technically there was a transfer of ownership of the money deposited from the depositor to the depositary bank, the amount can be withdrawn upon demand of the client. The question now is that whether or not the bank can hold on to the deposit account of the client in the event that the client will fail to pay its loan to the bank. What is the right of the bank on the deposit account of the debtor/client?   

In what ways are MNEs developing new business networks with an ethical Essay

In what ways are MNEs developing new business networks with an ethical orientation Using examples, explain why these developmen - Essay Example The sheer size of these corporations have made them almost like political actors, in the countries they are present and it is believed that their decisions and actions can affect the demography in both positive and negative ways (Holland, 2010). The emergence of the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) can be traced to this very point which is concerned with the issue of reducing negative impacts of the corporate on the population of the country. The CSR deals with the ethics and social responsibility of the company, the two major factors in the strategic management process of a country (Godiwalla and Damanpour, 2006). Ethical conduct is a major requirement of the MNEs in countries in which they operate. The expectations of the countries, in which these companies operate, are the major determinant of the ethical and social conduct of an organization. This essay aims to understand the ways in which MNEs are expanding their new business networks, considering the ethical considerations and the way these contribute in building competitive strength of the companies. Business Ethics: Definition There are numerous definitions of business ethics that can be considered. For the purpose of this essay, business ethics can be defined as the principles, values and standards, which guide the business in its conduct with the external world (Ferrell, Fraedrich and Ferrel, 2011). Principles include the basic rights like, freedom of speech, justice and equal rights, which are universal and form the basis of the rules. Values, on the other hand, comprise of social norms established by conventions in the society which are socially enforcing. These include integrity, accountability and trust and the standards for these are largely determined by investors, employees and interest groups and influence the society’s acceptance of what is permissible or not by the business. Strategic ethic management has the potential of improving both the economic and ethical goals of MNEs, whe n they consider expanding the existing business to new geographies. Research work has shown that there is a positive correlation between ethical business conducts and long-term financial development of the companies (Takei, 2011). This prompts companies to take ethical issues seriously in their expansion. The causality relationship between the profitability growth and business ethics are yet to be confirmed. Empirical evidences show that there are positive correlation between financial growth and ethical considerations. These discoveries imply that the strategic management must take into consideration the aspect of business ethics in their management process (Krishnamurthi, 2008). Rationale for business ethics Business ethics forms an important responsibility of the manager who conducts the business. The need for implementation of business ethics is more severe for managers who have the responsibility of conducting foreign operations as they face more pressing ethical issues which a re absent within the domestic borders (Luminita and Constantin, n.d.). There are various reasons responsible for this difference like: Firstly, the difference in the legal and political structure of a country in which the business is likely to operate. These differences are further pronounced by the ethical and traditional conventions of the society. Secondly, the differences between the economic organizations of countries in

The Necessity Of The Mobile Phone Today English Language Essay

The Necessity Of The Mobile Phone Today English Language Essay Hand phone, cell phones or handset has been the one of necessity rather than a desirable in our live in this modern day. Nowadays, hand phone has been an affordable gadget for everybody and the parent can effort to buy a hand phone for their children. Even our children also can be seen with hand phone at anywhere they go and even in school. The question begging a genuine answer is whether they are responsible enough to be allowed to be with these communication gadgets in school. Ministry of Education has set a regulation on using hand phone in school which is I strongly oppose with that regulation and proposal. The regulations are to allow student on using hand phone in school but with limitation usage. With this regulation student still can use hand phone in school. Minister of Education should not allow the student to bring and use a hand phone in school at all matters. There are more badness rather than a benefit when student bring their hand phone in school. This is because the technology in the hand phone can cause the student exposes to a bad behavior. There are still young and they are suppose to concentrate on their study first rather than playing or using their hand phone. During the school time they have to spend that valuable time on their study and class. After school time they have a lot of time for playing with their hand phone. The school authorities and the teacher mainly should play a major role to prevent these usages of hand phone among th e students. The parents also strictly have to control their children from misuse the hand phone. In the school also they provide a public telephone for student to use. Even in school office also they have a direct line telephone that the student can use to call their parent in urgencies cases. The parents should trust the school management when their children are in school. There is no need to be worried because the school management can make sure 100% safety on our children, this is fully guarantee by the Ministry of Education and even the Government of Malaysia. Although I have left school 11 years ago, but considering that Ive been in school for 12 years from pre-school to form 5, everyone did just fine without hand phone in school. So we should strongly not allow our children to bring the hand phone in school. 2.0 Statement of the problem. There are too many problems when we allowed the student to use the hand phone. One of the problems is there will be a tendency to show off ones hand phone, especially of the latest model. This will not only bring a beginning to the downfall of human values and becoming a snob of the society, but also cause inferiority of other students who cannot afford the latest models or hand phone. The inferiority will affect the esteem of students and if they are caught with the trend, they might resolve to stealing in whatever means either directly or monetary, or pressure the parents who have been working hard for the children to have good education. This will burden the parent to find extra money to full fit their children necessity. Nowadays the children dont want a cheaper hand phone they only want the sophisticated hand phone such as I phone 4, Blackberry etc. Just because the market price of hand phone are falling fast, it doesnt mean that one should just take their current model for gran ted and if it gets stolen, one will just buy a new one. So what if you or the parents can afford to a new phone, life just doesnt work in such a way that when something goes missing, you just get a replacement. When the stealing happen the criminal cases in school will increase and this will drop the reputation of the school itself. The school can be classified by a school for a bad student and this will make the parent thing they should not let their children to enter the school and find the different school. Other than that, the student has spent the pocket around RM10 to RM40 per month to buy a prepaid. No wonder the pocket money for our student. RM50 per month are never enough for the student nowadays. Some of them even ask their parent to register a postpaid due to insufficient prepaid top-up use per month. With the gadget technology nowadays, hand phone are already built-in with camera, video and even Internet in hands. This is easy to capture or downloading a picture and videos in this case the student can expose on pornographic or sex video with are unsuitable on their age. After that they may distribute them among their schoolmates. This will end up with rape and sexual intercourse among the student and will be bad influences for young children. Camera hand phone is increasingly popular. And you never know when pictures or videos are taken, or where they are taken for what purposes. Sure, all of us will be saying that we wont do such inappropriate thing but you never know about the person next to you. We can never be too careful. By using a hand phone the student also can surf to internet. This will end up they are not concentrate with their lesson in the class but they busy with their hand phone even nowadays face book also can surf through hand phone. The entire student for sure h as a face book account and they surely more focus on face book rather than their education. Although the usage of hand phone is limited to before school and recess time. Instead of students socializing and growing up with schoolmates, hand phone, reputed to be the cannot leave behind companion of individual nowadays, will probably make students pay more attention to the handset instead. All hand phones must be switched off during classes and curricular activities. Lets be real. If we can turn the phone off, we might as well leave it at home. And to expect students to turn it off is one thing that is unlikely to happen. The most theyll do is silent it and set it to vibration mode. You dont have to look into school situation. Even in university lectures, most undergrads dont silent the phone when theyre supposed to. The phone will normally be in the pocket or at least in the bag. The point is, it will never be anywhere far but always in contact since the phone is on silent. With that, theres always a possibility of using phones during lessons to SMS, play games or download. S ome of student will play with their hand phone during their boring subjects. One, this clearly doesnt shows any respect to the teacher. Two, its taking the teacher for granted. Three, just because the person is smart and playing with hand phone wont affect the studies then why are you even in school? School is not just a place to study or speed your time to get into college and university. Its a place where you learn to grow up socially. Furthermore, cell phone should be banned at all because when we allow student to use hand phone in school the teaching and learning process will certainly be disrupted. When teacher enter the classroom they need to spend a lot of time to check and make sure all of their student already switched off the phone. It will be a need for teachers to do so or some of their students may take out the phones and start playing games instead of focusing on the class. Some more students may misuse their hand phone by cheating in examinations by sending the answers using SMS or by write down the notes in the hand phone. Other than that, imagine the situation when every student in a school takes out their hand phone and keeps sending SMS or makes phone calls during recess time. Compare this condition with a situation where every student takes out a book and keeps reading it during recess time. I am very sure that no school would want to see the first situation and all schools are looking forward to see the second situation. Schools would not be the place for students to attain knowledge if hand phone were to be allowed in schools. 3.0 Methodology. As for to support my argumentation or oppose the proposal I have made an interview and discussion with them with three respondents which is two from them are same with me to oppose the proposal and they dont agreed to allowed the students using hand phones in school. Some of the discussion Ive done it at the school and some in their house. The three respondents on my interview which is a parent who have children in school, the first respondents are Mr. Mahmad Bin Abd. Kadir live in Taman Putri Kulai. Work as a clerk in school. He has one child who is still in school. His children are study at Sekolah Kebangsaan Taman Kota Kulai. Second respondents is Mrs. Norzaila, work as a clerk in school. She lives in Taman Melati Indahpura, Kulai. She has three children who are still in primary school. Her children are study at Sekolah Kebangsaan Taman Kota Kulai. The third respondents are Mrs. Norzana Mohammed Noor. Shes work as a teacher. Shes has a three children in primary school. Her childre n are study at Sekolah Kebangsaan Taman Kota Kulai. 4.0 Findings. According to my analysis through these three respondents, two of them are not agreeing with the proposal and they are not allowing the student using hand phone in school. Even though, they have children they still not allowing their children using a hand phone in school. Their reason is children are still young and are not suitable on using hand phone. They also mention in the interview that there is many problems may arise if they using hand phone in school. Furthermore, they cant afford to buy a hand phone for their children. If they have three children it is impossible for them to buy three hand phones for each one of them. This will burden the parents if their children keep pushing them to buy the hand phone for them. They want their children to concentrate more on study rather than playing with hand phone. They dont want their children negligence. They also want their children to success during the examination. So they should start from the beginning to archive their goal and am bition. They want their children to success in study until to University. They also mention that they dont want their children to be a bad boy by against the school rules. So the two respondents are same with me to not agree with the Ministry of Education proposal and strongly not allow the student using hand phone in school. The last respondent are agree with the proposal which is Im not agree with her. She agrees for the student to use the hand phone in school and accept the proposal of Ministry of Education. According to her, the proposal is good. Shes agree because for her children safety in school or outside the school. This is because shes working and their children always alone after the school hours. Shes often to contact their children through phone. This is too easy for her to check on their children while working. Her husband also working and dont have much time to look after their children. They need to communicate through phone to check wheatear their children are straight go back home after school or not. They also worried if their children misuse the hand phone. If not about safety reason she also dont to let their children use hand pone in school. Shes work as a teacher and shes know about good and bad if their children misuse the hand phone. Shes just let their children use the phone for safety purpose and easy to communicate. Shes always reminded their children to not misuse the hand phone and just uses it for important thing only such as emergency call. Shes only bought a simple hand phone for their children, the hand pone without Internet or camera only use for call and SMS. It must be seen that the main reason by parents to let their children continue to use cell phones is because of safety purposes. If they have the phones, it is easier to reach them and even know where they are. It is also beneficial during emergency situations when the child can either call for help or be located in case he or she is gone missing. Even though those parents who do not support this idea say the children are not yet responsible enough to be given the cell phones, they tend to stick to the fact that the youth are likely to abuse the trust bestowed on them by parents. The parents can point to the fact that youth are always seen talking endlessly on phone to their friends. Even the short text technology on phone has been abused but the children see it as a pastime whereas the parents are usually uneasy when they see the youth misusing the privilege given them. Since parents know exactly what their children are like, they would be in the best position to make the decision o n this matter. They are also the ones to decide at what point their children should be allowed to go ahead and own phones. It is advisable to set time limits on the time they can use the phone though as this will show that the parents are in control. 5.0 Suggestions. After made an analysis on these matters, my suggestion is there no need to allow the children to use the hand phones in school. In school, teachers are the ones who take care of our well-being. When we fall sick and really need to be taken home, injured or emergency, the teachers are more than willing to contact parents to inform them. Isnt that what the use of the school having emergency contact numbers for, after all, the use of the office phone is always there when in need. Even public phones in school or outside the school grounds are available. And to say that the phones are frequently not in good condition or not working, that will teach students to take care of public premises. We never know when we are in dire need to use it. The Ministry of Education also needs to add more public phones in school for student needed. The school management also needs to play important roles to take a good care of safety among the student. Having problems and need to call parents, theres always the office for emergency. And public phones for all reasons. And if all means doesnt work, Im very sure teachers are kind enough to lend their own hand phones to use. The question of teachers using the hand phones in school also needs to be given a thought. Teachers should also understand that they are the role model in school and it is not appropriate to show the misuse of the phone. Even worse, give students work and then laugh on a conversation over the call. They will lose the respect of the students and students are not to be blamed for not respecting teachers in this case. I feel that if teachers are expecting an emergency call like if someone is in a hospital, they should inform the class first, rather than disrupt the class in the middle of a lesson and then apologizing And being careful, it is true to say that the society out there is no longer of what it used to be before. Sometimes I wonder, for parents to keep track the whereabouts of their children, how sure are they that the children are not elsewhere from what is said, or perhaps for parents to make sure the kids reach a place safely (school in this case), dont you think that a mere phone call is good enough, we depend on technology too much that personal responsibility is no longer shown. I may not know the worries of a parent and yet it may seem easy for me to say. But as a child of my parents, even they never need to check on me, I feel that its more meaningful and to realize how much my parents cared for me if they can spare some time to check on me other than just a call. Again, most parents are working and time is hardly there. Or the distance is too far between home and school. Hand phones must be banned from school among the student. If there still the stubborn student being the hand phones the school authorities should do spot-check and confiscate hand phones. The discipline teacher should play major roles, ask their prefects to do spot-check before school hour begin. This is to make sure there is no student bring the hand phones to school and then keep their phones at house. On the school banning students from bringing hand phones, the students itself must aware why the school had done so, the students must understand that the kind intention behind the schools decision. They also must accept the reasons. If they want to use the hand phones, use it after school time outside the school. They have more time to play after school hour. School is the place for study not for playing or to show off our wealth. Parents and teacher must monitoring and proper guidance on the students to prevent anything happen. The student must think during their parents childhood there are no hand phones use and there nothing happen during that time. Their parents also should explain to their children there is no issue during their childhood without hand phones. They still can manage to go to school without hand phones. Dont just depend on the technology too much. If there are still the stubborn student bring the hand phones to school, school management must take a serious action by fine the student minimum RM5 per day. This is not to burden the student but to teach them not to bring the gadget to school and left it at home rather than bring to school. The money can use for the improvement purpose and development in school. The school management must assign their teachers to handle this issue. The school management also must implement a motivational class or series of lessons for students to teach them about proper etiquette and ethics that govern the virtual world. Classes are held once a term to teach st udents on what they should look out for when taking a picture or video, such as whether they are infringing upon the privacy of others. The lesson also educates students on the concept of intellectual property law, critical especially when downloading information and music from the Internet.

The Bombing of Hiroshima Essay -- essays research papers

The Bombing of Hiroshima The bomb was dropped for many reasons and President Truman was faced with a hard decision to drop the bomb. During World War II, the first atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima. If he dropped the bomb he would surely have killed an estimated 200,000 Japanese and the city of Hiroshima. Otherwise he would risk the invasion of Japan, which would cause even more causalities and even more Japanese lost lives. Truman thought of the military, political, and moral benefits and harms for dropping the bomb on Hiroshima. David McCullough said, â€Å"If you want one explanation to why Truman dropped the bomb; it was done to stop the killing.† (Hunt, A9) My purpose is to inform that President Truman was right to drop the bomb. After the bomb was dropped, President Truman, â€Å"We have used it in order to shorten the agony of war, in order to save the lives of thousands and thousands of young Americans. We shall continue to use it until we completely destroy Japan’s power to make wa r.† If the Allies invaded mainland Japan, an estimated million or more would be invading Japan. The United States would resort to invading Japan as the last resort, knowing the possibilities of the large amount of casualties. The casualties in war are unavoidable and President Truman knew that the American people were basically sick and tired of the war. Many families were torn apart because of the war and everyone wanted to stop the madness. The atomic bomb was dropped for some political reasons...

Characters of Noli Me Tangere

Main Characters Crisostomo Ibarra Juan Crisostomo Ibarra y Magsalin, commonly referred to the novel as  Ibarra  or  Crisostomo, is the protagonist in the story. Son of a Filipino businessman,  DonRafael Ibarra, he studied in Europe for seven years. Ibarra is also Maria Clara's fiance. Several sources claim that Ibarra is also Rizal's reflection: both studied in Europe and both persons believe in the same ideas. Upon his return, Ibarra requested the local government of San Diego to construct a public school to promote education in the town. Maria Clara de los Santos y Alba, commonly referred to as  Maria Clara, is Ibarra's fiancee.She was raised by Capitan Tiago, San Diego's  cabeza de barangayand is the most beautiful and widely celebrated girl in San Diego. In the later parts of the novel, Maria Clara's identity was revealed as an illegitimate daughter of Father Damaso, former parish  curate  of the town, and Dona Pia Alba, wife of Capitan Tiago. In the end she enter ed local convent for nuns Beaterio de Santa Clara. In the epilogue dealing with the fate of the characters, Rizal stated that it is unknown if Maria Clara is still living within the walls of the convent or she is already dead.The character of Maria Clara was patterned after  Leonor Rivera, Rizal's first cousin and childhood sweetheart. Capitan Tiago Don  Santiago de los Santos, known by his nickname  Tiago  and political title  Capitan  Tiago  is a Filipino businessman and the  cabeza de barangay  or head ofbarangay  of the town of San Diego. He is also the known father of  Maria Clara. In the novel, it is said that Capitan Tiago is the richest man in the region of  Binondo  and he possessed real properties in  Pampanga  and  Laguna de Bay. He is also said to be a good Catholic, friend of the Spanish government and was considered as a Spanish by colonialists.Capitan Tiago never attended school, so he became a domestic helper of a  Dominican  friar   who taught him informal education. He married Pia Alba from  Santa Cruz. Padre Damaso Damaso Verdolagas, or Padre Damaso is a  Franciscan  friar  and the former parish curate of San Diego. He is best known as a notorious character who speaks with harsh words and has been a cruel priest during his stay in the town. He is the real father of Maria Clara and an enemy of Crisostomo's father, Rafael Ibarra. Later, he and Maria Clara had bitter arguments whether she would marry Alfonso Linares or go to a convent.At the end of the novel, he is again re-assigned to a distant town and is found dead one day. In popular culture, when a priest was said to be like Padre Damaso, it means that he is a cruel but respectable individual. When one says a child is â€Å"anak ni Padre Damaso† (child of Padre Damaso), it means that the child's father's identity is unknown. Elias Elias  is Ibarra's mysterious friend and ally. Elias made his first appearance as a pilot during a picnic o f Ibarra and Maria Clara and her friends. He wants to revolutionize the country and to be freed from Spanish oppression.The 50th chapter of the novel explores the past of Elias and history of his family. In the past, Ibarra's great-grandfather condemned Elias' grandfather of burning a warehouse which led into misfortune for Elias' family. His father was refused to be married by her mother because his father's past and family lineage was discovered by his mother's family. In the long run, Elias and his twin sister was raised by their maternal grandfather. When they were teenagers, their distant relatives called them  hijos de bastardo  or illegitimate children.One day, his sister disappeared which led him to search for her. His search led him into different places, and finally, he became a fugitive and subversive. Pilosopong Tacio Filosofo Tacio, known by his  Filipinized  name  Pilosopo Tasyo  is another major character in the story. Seeking for reforms from the governme nt, he expresses his ideals in paper written in a cryptographic alphabet similar from  hieroglyphs  and  Coptic figures  hoping â€Å"that the future generations may be able to decipher it† and realized the abuse and oppression done by the conquerors.His full name is only known as  Don Anastasio. The educated inhabitants of San Diego labeled him as  Filosofo Tacio  (Tacio the Sage) while others called him asTacio el Loco  (Insane Tacio) due to his exceptional talent for  reasoning. Dona Victorina Dona Victorina de los Reyes de Espadana, commonly known as Dona Victorina, is an ambitious Filipina who classifies herself as a Spanish and mimics Spanish ladies by putting on heavy  make-up. The novel narrates Dona Victorina's younger days: she had lots of admirers, but she did not choose any of them because nobody was a Spaniard.Later on, she met and married Don Tiburcio de Espadana, an official of the customs bureau who is about ten years her junior. However, t heir marriage is childless. Her husband assumes the title of medical doctor even though he never attended medical school; using fake documents and certificates, Tiburcio practices illegal medicine. Tiburcio's usage of the title  Dr. consequently makes Victorina assume the title  Dra. (doctora, female doctor). Apparently, she uses the whole name  Dona Victorina de los Reyes  de  de Espadana, with double  de  to emphasize her marriage surname.She seems to feel that this awkward titling makes her more â€Å"sophisticated. † Sisa, Crispin, and Basilio Sisa, Crispin, and Basilio represent a Filipino family persecuted by the Spanish authorities: * Narcisa  or  Sisa  is the deranged mother of Basilio and Crispin. Described as beautiful and young, although she loves her children very much, she can not protect them from the beatings of her husband,  Pedro. * Crispin  is Sisa's 7-year-old son. An altar boy, he was unjustly accused of stealing money from the chur ch. After failing to force Crispin to return the money he allegedly stole, Father Salvi and the head sacristan killed him.It is not directly stated that he was killed, but the dream of Basilio suggests that Crispin died during his encounter with Padre Salvi and his minion. * Basilio  is Sisa's 10-year-old son. An acolyte tasked to ring the church bells for the Angelus, he faced the dread of losing his younger brother and the descent of his mother into insanity. At the end of the novel, Elias wished Basilio to bury him by burning in exchange of chest of gold located on his death ground. He will later play a major role in  El Filibusterismo. Due to their tragic but endearing story, these characters are often parodied in modern Filipino popular culture. Note: The Franciscan Order was shown by Rizal as hypocrites not because they were such during his time but because they are the most loved, and had significant numbers. Strategically, if one must attack the Spanish friars, the best is to attack the most popular during that time. Other characters There are a number of secondary and minor characters in  Noli Me Tangere. Items indicated inside the parenthesis are the standard  Filipinization  of the Spanish names in the novel. * Padre Hernando de la Sibyla  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ a Dominican friar. He is described as short and has fair skin.He is instructed by an old priest in his order to watch Crisostomo Ibarra. * Padre Bernardo Salvi  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ the Franciscan curate of San Diego, secretly harboring lust for Maria Clara. He is described to be very thin and sickly. It is also hinted that his last name, â€Å"Salvi† is the shorter form of â€Å"Salvi† meaning Salvation, or â€Å"Salvi† is short for â€Å"Salvaje† meaning bad hinting to the fact that he is willing to kill an innocent child, Crispin, just to get his money back, though there was not enough evidence that it was Crispin who has stolen his 2 onzas. * El Alferez  or  Alperes  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ chief of the  Guardia Civil.Mortal enemy of the priests for power in San Diego and husband of Dona Consolacion. * Dona Consolacion  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ wife of the  Alferez, nicknamed as  la musa de los guardias civiles  (The muse of the  Civil Guards) or  la Alfereza, was a former laundrywoman who passes herself as a  Peninsular; best remembered for her abusive treatment of Sisa. * Don Tiburcio de Espadana  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Spanish Quack Doctor who is limp and submissive to his wife, Dona Victorina. * Teniente Guevara  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ a close friend of Don Rafael Ibarra. He reveals to Crisostomo how Don Rafael Ibarra's death came about. Alfonso Linares  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ A distant nephew of Tiburcio de Espanada, the would-be fiance of Maria Clara. Although he presented himself as a practitioner of law, it was later revealed that he, just like Don Tiburcio, is a fraud. He later died due to given medications of Don Tiburcio. * Tia Isabel  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Capitan Tiago's cousin, who raised M aria Clara. * Governor General  (Gobernador Heneral) – Unnamed person in the novel, he is the most powerful official in the Philippines. He has great disdain for the friars and corrupt officials, and sympathizes with Ibarra. * Don Filipo Lino  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ vice mayor of the town of San Diego, leader of the liberals. Padre Manuel Martin  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ he is the linguist curate of a nearby town who delivers the sermon during San Diego's fiesta. * Don Rafael Ibarra  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ father of Crisostomo Ibarra. Though he is the richest man in San Diego, he is also the most virtuous and generous. * Dona Pia Alba  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ wife of Capitan Tiago and mother of Maria Clara, she died giving birth to her daughter. In reality, she was raped by Damaso so she could bear a child. Non-recurring characters These characters were mentioned in the novel, appeared once, mentioned many times or have no major contribution to the storyline. Don Pedro Eibarramendia  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ the great-grandfather of Cris ostomo Ibarra who came from the  Basque  area of Spain. He started the misfortunes of Elias' family. His descendants abbreviated their surname to  Ibarra. He died of unknown reasons, but was seen as a decaying corpse on a Balite Tree. * Don Saturnino Ibarra  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ the son of Don Pedro, father of Don Rafael and grandfather of Crisostomo Ibarra. He was the one who developed the town of San Diego. He was described as a cruel man but was very clever. * Salome  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Elias' sweetheart.She lives in a little house by the lake, and though Elias would like to marry her, he tells her that it would do her or their children no good to be related to a fugitive like himself. In the original publication of  Noli, the chapter that explores the identity of Elias and Salome was omitted, classifying her as a total non-existing character. This chapter, entitled  Elias y Salome  was probably the 25th chapter of the novel. However, recent editions and translations of  Noli  prov ides the inclusion of this chapter, either on the appendix or renamed as  Chapter X  (Ex). * Sinang  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Maria Clara's friend.Because Crisostomo Ibarra offered half of the school he was building to Sinang, he gained Capitan Basilio's support. * Iday, Neneng  and  Victoria  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Maria Clara's other friends. * Capitan Basilio  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Sinang's father, leader of the conservatives. * Pedro  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ the abusive husband of Sisa who loves cockfighting. * Tandang Pablo  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ The leader of the  tulisanes  (bandits), whose family was destroyed because of the Spaniards. * El hombre amarillo  (apparently means â€Å"yellowish person,† named as  Taong Madilaw) – One of Crisostomo Ibarra's would-be assassins. He is not named in the novel, and only described as such.In the novel, he carved the cornerstone for Ibarra's school. Instead of killing Ibarra, he was killed by his cornerstone. * Lucas  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ the brother of the  taong madilaw. H e planned a revolution against the government with Ibarra as the leader after he was turned down by Ibarra. He was said to have a scar on his left cheek. He would later be killed by the Sakristan Mayor. * Bruno and Tarsilo  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ a pair of brothers whose father was killed by the Spaniards. * Nor Juan  (Nol Juan) – appointed as foreman of the school to be built by Ibarra * Capitana Tika (Rustica)  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Sinang's mother and wife f Capitan Basilio. * Albino  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ a former seminarian who joined the picnic with Ibarra and Maria Clara. Was later captured during the revolution. * Capitana Maria Elena  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ a nationalist woman who defends Ibarra of the memory of his father. * Capitan Tinong  and  Capitan Valentin  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ other known people from the town of San Diego. * Sacristan Mayor  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ The one who governs the altar boys and killed Crispin for his accusation. * Hermano Pedro, Hermana Rufa, Hermana Sipa, Hermana Juana  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Some of the p ersons included in the Chapter 18. These persons were talking about indulgencia plenaria.

20 Best Christmas Gifts Ideas for College Students

20 Best Christmas Gifts Ideas for College Students It all comes down to this, a legendary list of the 20 best Christmas gifts for college students that will make you a seasonal rock of Gibraltar; a Christmas hero! 1. A Really Cool Tetris Light These are probably the coolest door room lights to hit the world since the Lava Lamp. Stackable, colorful and cool the Tetris Desk Light is an awesome choice. Boys and girls will love them. We sure do! 2. A Pair of Quality Headphones College roommates often have different sleeping patterns because theyve got different classes and different class schedules. Time in the room is usually accompanied by video, gaming or noisy internet browsing. A pair a quality headphones is a college student’s best tech-friend. 3. Gift Cards This is universal. Don’t give college kids money because it will almost never be spent on what it should be. Gift cards direct their focus and they’re far more likely to buy necessities like food and toiletries. 4. Dorm Room TV (Space Saver) Flat space saving digital TV’s that can sync with gaming consoles and computers are awesome! Plus, they’re not bulky at all. If the model you choose can be wall-mounted, then there’s nothing better. Furthermore, these days the prices are ridiculously low. Not long ago even buying a smaller quality TV for college kids was spendy. 5. Someone Else’s Wallet? This is a neat idea, and a great way to buy a new wallet for the guys. Get a nice new wallet and then fill it with things like gift cards, new photographs, perhaps sporting event or movie tickets etc. Just a neat way to give a bundle of gifts at the same time in a small package that’s super easy to send in the mail. 6. Gourmet Coffee College kids are the only people on earth who drink more coffee than corporate office bees. The problem is that 99.9% of the time it’s cheap and not so tasty. A nice big bag of gourmet coffee is that understanding and supportive gift that all students appreciate (if they drink coffee that is). 7. Study Abroad Money Most students who study abroad are even more broke while they’re away in some exciting new place than when they’re back in their dorm room. If you can give them some extra spending money for the trip, they’ll never forget it, ever. 8. One-Stop-Shop Bathroom Kit These really are appreciate and used extensively. Don’t think this kit will go to waste because it won’t. Well, maybe some of the little accessories might not get used but the major components never fail. Razors, shaving cream, cologne, soap etc. Mainly because the stuff in the campus store is horrible. 9. An Assortment of Great Sauces College students aren’t known for being good cooks. They just put any old thing together and call it food. That being said, a box of assorted and tasty sauces will be used within a month. Maybe before New Years†¦imagine the flavors of Top Ramen they could conjure up. 10. Shower Slippers The kind that you can wear into the shower to protect your feet and then they dry off super quick so you don’t track water down the hall. Nobody wants athletes foot or to step into someone elses bodily fluids, whatever kind that may be. 11. A Traditional Popcorn Serving Set Seriously, who eats more popcorn than college students? You can survive on the stuff! It would be neat to have a quality serving set that looks just like the kind you get at the movies. How cool is that? 12. High-Brow Bedding Goes without saying†¦ 13. New Laptop Again, an incredible tool that will be used (and abused) and every penny will be squeezed out of it. No college students neglects a new laptop. It’s almost the equivalent to buying them a new used car (except the laptop should be new). You get the idea. 14. Beer Pong Table and Set Yeah, really. Everyone loves the game, but very few students have the table and set. Your kid could be THAT kid in the hall. Hey, college is about networking. 15. DVD Set of Favorite TV Series Are they a crazed Walking Dead fan? Sure, they probably know how to watch every episode online for free, but having their own set they can watch whenever is actually really handy. 16. Clean (Actually White) Socks and Undies Always needed†¦ 17. A Laundry Hamper with Style It needs to have some flare or it will go unnoticed and blend into the disaster area of clothes around it. 18. Good Food Baskets! Can’t go wrong here. A sure winner 100% of the time without fail. 19. Subscription to Netflix All the kids are getting them. That’s the rumor anyways. Beware! Some students become addicted to Netflix in no time. 20. Set Them Up with a Classy Interview! What a novel idea right? Perhaps the ultimate gift you can get a college student this year is to pull some string and set them up with a quality interview. With so many options to choose from it was hard to narrow down the list into a top 20 type presentation. Therefore, we updated the list adding 20 more Christmas gifts ideas for college students. Check them out! Well, here’s your chance students. What would be the perfect Christmas gift for you?